The Stomach: A Key Digestive Organ

The stomach is a vital organ in the human digestive system, located in the upper abdomen. It functions as a muscular sac that processes food and begins digestion. The stomach has three main roles:

Importance in Healthcare

1. It temporarily holds the food and liquid consumed, allowing controlled release into the small intestine.
2. Its muscular walls churn the food, mixing it with gastric juices containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid. This breaks down proteins and kills harmful bacteria.
3. The stomach processes food into a semi-liquid form called chyme, which is ready for further digestion and nutrient absorption in the intestines.

Structure of the Stomach

• Cardia: The entry point where food passes from the esophagus into the stomach. This region contains the lower esophageal sphincter, which prevents acid reflux.
• Fundus: The upper portion of the stomach that stores gases released during digestion.
• Body: The largest section, responsible for mixing and breaking down food.
• Pylorus: The bottom part of the stomach, which connects to the small intestine via the pyloric sphincter.
• Mucosa:The innermost layer, which produces mucus to protect the stomach lining from acidic gastric juices.